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Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast
The Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (; (アゼルバイジャン語:Дағлыг Гарабағ Мухтар Вилајәти, ДГМВ, Dağlıq Qarabağ Muxtar Vilayəti, DQMV); (アルメニア語:Լեռնային Ղարաբաղի Ինքնավար Մարզ, ԼՂԻՄ) ''Lernayin Ġarabaġi Inknavar Marz, LĠIM'') was an autonomous oblast within the borders of the Azerbaijan SSR, mostly inhabited by ethnic Armenians. According to Robert Service, in 1921 Joseph Stalin, then acting Commissar of Nationalities for the Soviet Union, included Nakhchivan ASSR and Karabakh under Azerbaijani control to try to placate Turkey to join the Soviet Union. Had Turkey not been an issue, Stalin would probably have left Karabakh under Armenian control.〔Robert Service, ''Stalin: a Biography'' (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2006, ISBN 0-674-02258-0), p. 204〕 As a result, the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast was established with the Azerbaijan SSR on July 7, 1923. According to Karl R. DeRouen it was created as an enclave so that a narrow strip of land would separate it from Armenia proper.〔Karl R. DeRouen, ''Civil Wars of the World: major conflicts since World War II'', Vol. 1 (2007), p. 146〕 According to Audrey L. Altstadt, the borders of the ''oblast'' were drawn to include Armenian villages and to exclude as much as possible Azerbaijani villages, so that the resulting area was sure to have an Armenian majority.〔Audrey L. Altstadt, ''The Azerbaijani Turks: power and identity under Russian rule'' (Hoover Press, 1992, ISBN 0-8179-9182-4, ISBN 978-0-8179-9182-1)〕
== Military conflict==
The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict between the Armenians in Nagorno Karabakh and Azerbaijan SSR of the Soviet Union broke out in 1987, and the fighting had grown into a full-scale war by the end of 1991. On November 26, 1991, the Parliament of the Azerbaijan SSR abolished the autonomous status of the NKAO. Its internal administrative divisions were also abolished, and its territory was split up and redistributed amongst the neighboring administrative ''rayons'' of Khojavend, Tartar, Goranboy, Shusha, and Kalbajar〔Svante Cornell, ''(Turkey and the Conflict in Nagorno Karabakh: A Delicate Balance )'', in ''Middle Eastern Studies Journal'' Vol 34, No. 1 (London: Frank Cass Publications, January 1998), pp. 51–72〕 In response, the majority Armenian population of the ''oblast'' unilaterally declared their independence as the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. Most of territory of the former Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast is under the control of the ethnic Armenian forces of Nagorno-Karabakh as a result of the Nagorno-Karabakh War. When the Soviet Union dissolved, the Nagorno-Karabakh region was reaffirmed by the United Nations Security Council Resolutions 822, 853, 874, and 884 as part of the newly independent Republic of Azerbaijan. Today, the area of the former NKAO includes the ''de facto'' established Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, although it is not recognized by any state or international government organization, and is ''de jure'' part of Azerbaijan.〔(1993 UN Security Council Resolutions on Nagorno-Karabakh, U.S. State Department website, accessed February 2007 )〕
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